Probing Defects with Quantum Simulator Snapshots

TL;DR

This paper introduces a protocol to analyze quantum simulator snapshots for detecting defect-related physics, enabling the study of defect entropy and conformal field theory properties without explicitly creating defects.

Contribution

The work presents a novel method to extract defect physics from bulk snapshots, avoiding the need to explicitly introduce defects in quantum simulations.

Findings

Extracted defect entropy from local spin snapshots.

Accessed the fixed points of defect conformal field theory.

Demonstrated the protocol on 1D Rydberg atom systems.

Abstract

Snapshots, i.e. projective measurements of local degrees of freedom, are the most standard data taken in experiments on quantum simulators. Snapshots are usually used to probe local physics. In this work we propose a simple protocol to experimentally probe physics of defects with these snapshots. Our protocol relies only on snapshots from the bulk system, without introducing the defect explicitly; as such, the physics of different kinds of defects can be probed using the same dataset. In particular, we demonstrate that with snapshots of local spin configurations of, for example, the $1d$ Rydberg atom realization of the quantum Ising criticality, we can (1) extract the ``defect entropy", and (2) access the continuous line of fixed points of effective defect conformal field theory, which was recently discussed in the context of the ``weak-measurement altered criticality".