Imaging atomic scattering potential in centroidal diffraction of elastic electrons

TL;DR

This paper uncovers a novel diffraction mechanism for elastic electrons scattering from diffused atomic potentials, enabling the mapping of effective scattering potentials through Fourier analysis, with broad applications in physics and diagnostics.

Contribution

It introduces a new diffraction mechanism for diffused atomic scatterers and demonstrates how fringe patterns can reveal effective scattering potentials, validated across multiple atomic targets.

Findings

Unusual diffraction mechanism identified for diffused atomic potentials

Fourier reciprocal space maps effective scattering potential

Universal applicability demonstrated with Mg, Ba, and Ra

Abstract

The Fraunhofer diffraction of quantum particles from materials with sharp electron-density edges or symmetric bond structures is ubiquitous. In contrast, diffraction from atoms with characteristic asymptotically-diffused electron distribution is far less intuitive, although known for many years. The current study unravels an unusual diffraction mechanism of elastic electrons from diffused atomic diffractors. Consequently, the fringe pattern converted to the Fourier reciprocal space maps out the effective scattering potential, which is not accessible in direct measurements. This may benefit benchmarking theory models, advances in atom-holography, plasma and astrophysical diagnostics, and accessing time-resolved potential landscapes. The study employs relativistic partial wave analysis with atoms modeled in the Dirac-Fock formalism and performs e-Cd measurements in absolute scale. Analysis for Mg, Ba, and Ra targets demonstrates the universality of the mechanism.