Semi-analytical model for the dynamical evolution of planetary system II: Application to systems formed by a planet formation model

TL;DR

This paper presents an improved semi-analytical model for simulating the post-gas disk dynamical evolution of diverse planetary systems, accurately reproducing observed mass and orbital distributions while reducing computational costs.

Contribution

The authors extend their previous model to handle a wider variety of planetary system architectures, validated against recent planet population synthesis results.

Findings

Model accurately reproduces mass distribution of final systems.

Model predicts orbital architectures consistent with observations.

Validated across diverse planetary system configurations.

Abstract

The standard formation model of close-in low-mass planets involves efficient inward migration followed by growth through giant impacts after the protoplanetary gas disk disperses. While detailed N-body simulations have enhanced our understanding, their high computational cost limits statistical comparisons with observations. In our previous work, we introduced a semi-analytical model to track the dynamical evolution of multiple planets through gravitational scattering and giant impacts after the gas disk dispersal. Although this model successfully reproduced N -body simulation results under various initial conditions, our validation was still limited to cases with compact, equally-spaced planetary systems. In this paper, we improve our model to handle more diverse planetary systems characterized by broader variations in planetary masses, semi-major axes, and orbital separations and validate it against recent planet population synthesis results. Our enhanced model accurately reproduces the mass distribution and orbital architectures of the final planetary systems. Thus, we confirm that the model can predict the outcomes of post-gas disk dynamical evolution across a wide range of planetary system architectures, which is crucial for reducing the computational cost of planet formation simulations.