Scattering States in One-Dimensional Non-Hermitian Baths

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive method to analyze scattering states of a quantum emitter in one-dimensional non-Hermitian baths, revealing unique localization properties and providing exact solutions for specific models.

Contribution

It introduces a general approach for solving scattering states in non-Hermitian baths, extending the Lippmann-Schwinger formalism and analyzing cases where it breaks down.

Findings

Scattering states are not simple superpositions of plane waves in non-Hermitian systems.

Wave functions exhibit a finite localization length proportional to system size.

Exact solutions are obtained for Hatano-Nelson and unidirectional baths.

Abstract

A single quantum emitter coupled to a structured non-Hermitian environment shows anomalous bound states and real-time dynamics without Hermitian counterparts, as shown in [Gong et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 223601 (2022)]. In this work, we establish a general approach for studying the scattering states of a single quantum emitter coupled to one-dimensional non-Hermitian single-band baths. We formally solve the exact eigenvalue equation for all the scattering states defined on finite periodic lattices. In the thermodynamic limit, the formal solution reduces to the celebrated Lippmann-Schwinger equation for generic baths. In this case, we find that the scattering states are no longer linear superpositions of plane waves in general, unlike those in Hermitian systems; Instead, the wave functions exhibit a large, yet finite localization length proportional to the lattice size. Furthermore, we show and discuss the cases where the Lippmann-Schwinger equation breaks down. We find the analytical solutions for the Hatano-Nelson and unidirectional next-to-nearest-neighbor baths in the thermodynamic limit.