PQ-ball and its Real Scalar Analogue in an Expanding Universe
Kazunori Nakayama, Masaki Yamada

TL;DR
This paper uses lattice simulations to show how PQ-balls and oscillons form and decay in scalar field theories within an expanding universe, highlighting mechanisms relevant to Peccei-Quinn models.
Contribution
It introduces the formation and decay dynamics of PQ-balls and oscillons in scalar field theories through detailed numerical simulations.
Findings
PQ-balls form via coherent rotation of scalar fields.
PQ-balls decay due to U(1)-breaking effects.
Oscillons also form and decay in similar setups.
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of quasi-stable localized scalar configurations in spontaneously symmetry breaking U(1) model by 3+1-dimensional classical lattice simulations. Such configurations are called PQ-balls, as the primary motivation of this kind of configuration is Peccei-Quinn theory under the kinetic misalignment mechanism. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that they can form if the PQ charge is generated through the coherent rotation of a complex scalar field in the complex plane, via dynamics analogous to the Affleck-Dine mechanism. These configurations subsequently decay due to the U(1)-breaking effect induced by spontaneous symmetry breaking. We also demonstrate the formation and decay of oscillons in a similar setup in a real scalar field theory.
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Taxonomy
TopicsCosmology and Gravitation Theories · Black Holes and Theoretical Physics · Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
