Quadrature Over-the-Air-Computing for Multimodal Dual-Stream Signal Processing

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel quadrature over-the-air computing framework that enables simultaneous computation of two independent functions or data streams, effectively doubling the computation rate for multimodal signal processing in wireless networks.

Contribution

The paper presents a new Q-OTAC scheme that exploits IQ components for dual-stream processing, offering a simple, compatible, and efficient extension to existing OTAC methods.

Findings

Successfully demonstrates dual-function aggregation like summation and product

Doubles computation rate compared to traditional OTAC

Validates effectiveness through simulation results

Abstract

We propose a novel quadrature over-the-air computing (Q-OTAC) framework that enables the simultaneously computation of two independent functions and/or data stream within a single transmission. In contrast to conventional OTAC schemes, where a single function is computed by treating each complex signal as a single component, the proposed Q-OTAC exploits both in-phase and quadrature (IQ) components of a complex signal, encoding two distinct functions and/or data streams at the edge devices (EDs) and employing a novel low-complexity IQ-decoupled combiner at the access point (AP) to independently recover each stream, which effectively doubles the computation rate. A key strength of this framework lies in its simplicity and broad compatibility: the extension into the quadrature domain is conceptually straightforward, yet remakably powerful, allowing seamless integration into existing OTAC techniques. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of this approach, including the first demonstration of dual-function aggregation (e.g., parallel summation and product), highlighting the potential of Q-OTAC for enabling multi-modal and high-efficiency beyond fifth generation (B5G) applications.