Hybrid Character Sums From Vectorial Dual-Bent Functions and Asymptotically Optimal Complex Codebooks With Small Alphabet Sizes

TL;DR

This paper analyzes hybrid character sums derived from vectorial dual-bent functions, determining their properties and applying these results to construct asymptotically optimal complex codebooks with small alphabets and low cross-correlation.

Contribution

It provides explicit evaluations of hybrid character sums for vectorial dual-bent functions and constructs new complex codebooks with optimal correlation properties and small alphabet sizes.

Findings

Hybrid character sums from vectorial dual-bent functions have very small complex modulus.

Constructed codebooks are asymptotically optimal with low cross-correlation.

Codebooks have only two- or three-valued cross-correlation amplitudes.

Abstract

Hybrid character sums are an important class of exponential sums which have nice applications in coding theory and sequence design. Let $\gf_{p^m}$ be the finite field with $p^m$ elements for a prime $p$ and a positive integer $m$. Let $V_n^{(p)}$ be an $n$-dimensional vector space over $\gf_p$ for a prime $p$. In this paper, we study the hybrid character sums of the form \begin{eqnarray*} \sum_{x \in V_n^{(p)}}\psi\left(F(x)\right)\chi_1\left(a x\right), \end{eqnarray*} where $F$ is a function from $V_n^{(p)}$ to $\gf_{p^m}$ and $a \in V_n^{(p)}$, $\psi$ is a nontrivial multiplicative character of $\gf_{p^m}$ and $\chi_1$ is the canonical additive character of $V_n^{(p)}$. If $F(x)$ is a vectorial dual-bent function and $a \in V_n^{(p)}\setminus \{0\}$, we determine their complex modulus or explicit values under certain conditions, which generalizes some known results as special cases. It is concluded that the hybrid character sums from vectorial dual-bent functions have very small complex modulus. As applications, three families of asymptotically optimal complex codebooks are constructed from vectorial dual-bent functions and their maximal cross-correlation amplitude are determined based on the hybrid character sums. The constructed codebooks have very small alphabet sizes, which enhances their appeal for implementation. Besides, all of the three families of codebooks have only two-valued or three-valued cross-correlation amplitudes.