Scaling factor for $^{28}$Si + $^{12}$C charge-changing cross sections at 90-1296 MeV/nucleon: Toward finding energy-dependent scaling factor for other elements

TL;DR

This study develops a systematic energy-dependent scaling factor for charge-changing cross sections of various elements, improving predictions across a broad energy range and addressing discrepancies in calcium isotopes.

Contribution

Introduces a new approach to determine an energy-dependent scaling factor for charge-changing cross sections applicable to multiple elements and isotopes.

Findings

Scaling factor accurately predicts experimental data for most isotopes.

Inclusion of phase variation improves agreement for calcium isotopes.

Method can estimate cross sections where experimental data is lacking.

Abstract

Based on the detailed study of the scaling factor for $^{28}$\rm Si + $^{12}$\rm C charge-changing cross sections (CCCSs) at 90-1296 MeV/nucleon, we introduced a new approach to find the systematic energy dependence of the scaling factor that can be used to predict the CCCSs for other elements. The analysis considers the study of charge-changing cross sections for $^{7,9-12,14}$\rm Be, $^{10-15,17}$\rm B, $^{12-19}$\rm C, $^{14,15,,17-22}$\rm N, $^{16,18-24}$\rm O, $^{18-21,23-26}$\rm F, and $^{42-51}$\rm Ca isotopes at 200-930 MeV/nucleon in the framework of the Glauber model. The calculations involve descriptions of nuclei in terms of the Slater determinant using harmonic oscillator single-particle wave functions. The extracted values of the scaling factor are found to provide satisfactory account of the experimental data in all the cases, except for $^{42-51}$\rm Ca isotopes where the calculated values differ significantly from the measured values. In the case of \rm Ca isotopes, however, we find that inclusion of the phase variation of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering amplitude, which is the basic input of the Glauber model, is able to provide an alternative way to serve the purpose of (phenomenological) scaling, and one gets systematically quite a good agreement between theoretical predictions and experiment. Additionally, the present work for finding the scaling factor may find its place to (i) investigate the suitability of the calculated proton radii of the exotic nuclei, given in the literature, and (ii) provide the reliable estimate for the CCCSs of those isotopes of a given element whose calculated charge radii are known, but their experimental CCCSs are not available.