Collective oscillations in the finite-size Kuramoto model below the critical coupling: shot-noise approach

TL;DR

This paper investigates how finite-size effects induce collective oscillations in the Kuramoto model below the critical coupling, using a shot-noise approach to derive the power spectrum and validate findings with simulations.

Contribution

It introduces an analytical shot-noise method to describe finite-size induced oscillations in the Kuramoto model below the critical coupling, extending understanding beyond mean-field theory.

Findings

Finite-size fluctuations sustain synchronization below critical coupling.

Analytical power spectrum derived matches numerical simulations.

Deviations near critical coupling due to nonlinear effects.

Abstract

The Kuramoto model, a paradigmatic framework for studying synchronization, exhibits a transition to collective oscillations only above a critical coupling strength in the thermodynamic limit. However, real-world systems are finite, and their dynamics can deviate significantly from mean-field predictions. Here, we investigate finite-size effects in the Kuramoto model below the critical coupling, where the infinite-size theory predicts complete asynchrony. Using a shot-noise approach, we derive analytically the power spectrum of emergent collective oscillations and demonstrate their dependence on the coupling strength. Numerical simulations confirm our theoretical results, though deviations arise near the critical coupling due to nonlinear effects. Our findings reveal how finite-size fluctuations sustain synchronization in regimes where classical mean-field theories fail, offering insights for applications in neural networks, power grids, and other coupled oscillator systems.