Multiple sign-changing and semi-nodal normalized solutions for a Gross-Pitaevskii type system on bounded domain: the $L^2$-supercritical case

TL;DR

This paper establishes the existence of multiple sign-changing and semi-nodal normalized solutions for a coupled Gross-Pitaevskii system on bounded domains, introducing new linking methods and analyzing the critical Sobolev case.

Contribution

It introduces a novel vector linking technique and partial linking to find solutions of coupled Schrödinger systems, covering all regimes of coupling constants.

Findings

Proves existence of multiple sign-changing solutions.

Establishes semi-nodal solutions using new linking methods.

Analyzes bifurcation as parameters tend to zero.

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the existence of multiple sign-changing and semi-nodal normalized solutions for an $m$-coupled elliptic system of the Gross-Pitaevskii type: \begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{aligned} &-\Delta u_j + \lambda_j u_j = \sum_{k=1 }^m\beta_{kj} u_k^2 u_j, \quad u_j \in H_0^1(\Omega), &\int_\Omega u_j^2dx = c_j, \quad j = 1,2,\cdots,m. \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation} Here, $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ ($N = 3,4$) is a bounded domain. The constants $\beta_{kj} \neq 0$ and $c_j > 0$ are prescribed constants, while $\lambda_1, \cdots, \lambda_m$ are unknown and appear as Lagrange multipliers. This is the first result in the literature on the existence and multiplicity of sign-changing and semi-nodal normalized solutions of couple Schr\"odinger system in all regimes of $\beta_{kj}$. The main tool which we use is a new skill of vector linking and this article attempts for the first time to use linking method to search for solutions of a coupled system. Particularly, to obtain semi-nodal normalized solutions, we introduce partial vector linking which is new up to our knowledge. Moreover, by investigating the limit process as $\vec{c}=(c_1,\ldots,c_m) \to \vec{0}$ we obtain some bifurcation results. Note that when $N=4$, the system is of Sobolev critical.