A Review on Improving PSC Performance through Charge Carrier Management: Where We Stand and What's Next?

TL;DR

This review comprehensively analyzes recent charge carrier management strategies in perovskite solar cells, highlighting advancements, challenges, and future directions to enhance efficiency, stability, and scalability for commercial viability.

Contribution

It systematically categorizes and compares recent charge carrier management techniques, providing a roadmap for optimizing PSC performance and facilitating their transition to commercial use.

Findings

Enhanced carrier lifetime and mobility through compositional engineering.

Trap state passivation improves device stability and efficiency.

Emerging lead-free PSC technologies show promising scalability.

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a breakthrough in photovoltaic technology, combining high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), ease of fabrication, and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, their commercial viability is limited by critical issues such as charge carrier recombination, interfacial defects, instability under environmental stress, and toxicity of lead-based components. This review systematically examines recent advancements in charge carrier management strategies aimed at overcoming these limitations. Initially, fundamental mechanisms governing carrier generation, separation, transport, and recombination are outlined to provide a clear foundation. The study then delves into an in-depth analysis of carrier lifetime and mobility, evaluating recent methodologies for their enhancement through compositional engineering and structural optimization. Subsequently, trap state passivation techniques and interface engineering approaches are reviewed, with a particular focus on their impact on device stability and efficiency. The review also discusses long-term stability strategies and emerging trends in lead-free and scalable PSC technologies. In this work, recent strategies for charge carrier management are systematically categorized, comparative analyses are provided and synergistic solutions with high potential for real-world implementation are highlighted. By synthesizing data and perspectives from over thirty recent studies, this article offers a comprehensive roadmap for researchers seeking to optimize PSC performance and accelerate their transition toward commercial application.