Experimental Characterization of Quantumness Using the Uncertainty Principle, Coherence, and Nonlocality

TL;DR

This paper presents a unified experimental approach to characterize quantumness through uncertainty relations, coherence, and nonlocality, demonstrating their interrelations and validating them with two-photon experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a universal framework that simultaneously witnesses uncertainty, coherence, and nonlocality, advancing the understanding of quantum correlations.

Findings

Validated uncertainty, coherence, and nonlocality in experiments

Unified approach reveals intrinsic features of incompatible measurements

Methods improve characterization of quantum correlations

Abstract

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, coherence and Bell nonlocality have been individually examined through many experiments. In this Letter, we systematically characterize all of this quantumness in a unified manner. We first construct universal uncertainty relations to reveal intrinsic features of incompatible measurements, which include all the state-independent uncertainties as special cases. We further extend to witness both quantum coherence and Bell nonlocality. We finally perform experiments with unified two-photon states, and validate the uncertainty principle, coherence and Bell nonlocality within the experimental error. Our methods for witnessing quantumness are valuable in characterizing quantum correlations in quantum information processing.