Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics at Colliders

TL;DR

Collider neutrino experiments, including FASERν and SND@LHC, are opening new avenues for understanding neutrino interactions, exploring new physics, and improving astrophysical neutrino observations through high-energy measurements and reduced uncertainties.

Contribution

This paper reviews recent collider neutrino experiment achievements and prospects, highlighting the potential of the Forward Physics Facility for precision measurements and new physics exploration.

Findings

First measurements of collider neutrino interactions at unprecedented energies

Exploration of new physics scenarios like dark matter and sterile neutrinos

Reduced uncertainties in atmospheric neutrino flux calculations

Abstract

Nonzero neutrino masses guarantee new physics and neutrinos are excellent probes of extreme environments in the Universe. The recent collider neutrino experimental program, including FASER$\nu$ and SND@LHC, along with the planned Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, is opening a new window into neutrino physics and astrophysics. In this article, we review recent achievements and prospects of collider neutrino experiments, including key achievements such as the first measurements of collider neutrino interactions at unprecedented energies and the exploration of new physics scenarios, like dark matter candidates, sterile neutrinos, and non-standard neutrino interactions. For concreteness, we will focus on the significant scientific opportunities presented by the Forward Physics Facility, which will enable precision measurements of neutrino cross sections and proton structure at low parton momentum fraction. Furthermore, collider neutrino studies will substantially reduce systematic uncertainties in calculating atmospheric neutrino fluxes, thereby improving astrophysical neutrino observations as well as advancing our understanding of cosmic-ray interactions.