On the $h$-majority dynamics with many opinions

TL;DR

This paper establishes an upper bound on the convergence time of the $h$-majority dynamics with multiple opinions, showing it converges rapidly under certain initial bias and opinion count conditions.

Contribution

It provides the first upper bound on the convergence time for $h$-majority dynamics with multiple opinions in the synchronous setting, extending previous bounds.

Findings

Convergence occurs in $O( ext{log } n)$ rounds under specified bias and opinion conditions.

The upper bound improves understanding of the relationship between $h$, $k$, and convergence time.

The results relate to and refine previous lower bounds on consensus time.

Abstract

We present the first upper bound on the convergence time to consensus of the well-known $h$-majority dynamics with $k$ opinions, in the synchronous setting, for $h$ and $k$ that are both non-constant values. We suppose that, at the beginning of the process, there is some initial additive bias towards some plurality opinion, that is, there is an opinion that is supported by $x$ nodes while any other opinion is supported by strictly fewer nodes. We prove that, with high probability, if the bias is $\omega(\sqrt{x})$ and the initial plurality opinion is supported by at least $x = \omega(\log n)$ nodes, then the process converges to plurality consensus in $O(\log n)$ rounds whenever $h = \omega(n \log n / x)$. A main corollary is the following: if $k = o(n / \log n)$ and the process starts from an almost-balanced configuration with an initial bias of magnitude $\omega(\sqrt{n/k})$ towards the initial plurality opinion, then any function $h = \omega(k \log n)$ suffices to guarantee convergence to consensus in $O(\log n)$ rounds, with high probability. Our upper bound shows that the lower bound of $\Omega(k / h^2)$ rounds to reach consensus given by Becchetti et al. (2017) cannot be pushed further than $\widetilde{\Omega}(k / h)$. Moreover, the bias we require is asymptotically smaller than the $\Omega(\sqrt{n\log n})$ bias that guarantees plurality consensus in the $3$-majority dynamics: in our case, the required bias is at most any (arbitrarily small) function in $\omega(\sqrt{x})$ for any value of $k \ge 2$.