The evolution of chromospheric quiet-sun bright points during their lifetime

TL;DR

This study analyzes the evolution of chromospheric quiet-sun bright points, revealing their maximum attributes can occur at any time, and proposes a magnetic loop model to explain their dynamic behavior and lifecycle.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of BP evolution, comparing different quiet-sun regions, and introduces a magnetic loop model to interpret their complex dynamics.

Findings

BPs reach maximum brightness and size at various times during their lifetime.

Similar behavior observed in BPs from both Active Quiet Sun and True Quiet Sun regions.

Midpoint of BP lifetime correlates with maximum POS speed, supporting the magnetic loop hypothesis.

Abstract

Bright points (BPs) are ubiquitous, small-scale energetic events with multithermal signatures, typically observed in the chromosphere and linked to both photospheric structure and coronal composition. Their evolution is influenced by various physical processes, including plasma dynamics and magnetic interactions. This paper examines BP evolution using a large statistical sample, focusing on when they reach maximum values for key attributes, and explores differences between BPs in the "Active Quiet Sun" (AQS, above the network) and the "True Quiet Sun" (TQS, above the internetwork). Observed attributes include maximum brightness (total and intrinsic), plane-of-sky (POS) speed, travel distance, acceleration, and apparent size (POS area). BPs can reach maximum brightness and size at almost any time during their lifetime, likely due to complex chromospheric interactions. AQS and TQS BPs show similar behaviour overall and tend to reach maximum POS speed around the midpoint of their lifetimes. Positive acceleration usually occurs early, while negative acceleration is more common near the end. Preliminary results suggest two distinct BP regimes with differing relationships between intrinsic brightness and area. We interpret these trends as evidence that BPs, whether due to plasma motion or a heating event, follow arched paths -- likely along short magnetic loops. In this model, the midpoint of a BP's life corresponds to the crest of the arch, producing the greatest POS speeds. Reconnection may occur at a footpoint, with the BP moving along the loop before returning to the photosphere. Deviations from this expected evolution may result from complex chromospheric interactions or BPs with highly non-linear POS motions.