Xenophobia based on a few attributes can impede society's cohesiveness

TL;DR

This paper investigates how xenophobic interactions, even if based on few attributes, can hinder societal consensus formation, with implications for social cohesion and phase transition dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of xenophobia's impact on social consensus using belief propagation and Monte Carlo simulations on signed graphs.

Findings

Sufficient xenophobia can prevent consensus formation.

Transition from continuous to discontinuous phase transition depends on xenophobia.

The parameter region for consensus shrinks as topics increase.

Abstract

Xenophobic interactions play a role as important as homophilic ones in shaping many dynamical processes on social networks, such as opinion formation, social balance, or epidemic spreading. In this paper, we use belief propagation and Monte Carlo simulations on tree-like signed graphs to predict that a sufficient propensity to xenophobia can impede a consensus that would otherwise emerge via a phase transition. As the strength of xenophobic interactions and the rationality of individuals with respect to social stress decrease, this transition changes from continuous to discontinuous, with a strong dependence on the initial conditions. The size of the parameter region where consensus can be reached from any initial condition decays as a power-law function of the number of discussed topics.