Leveraging Cloud-Fog Automation for Autonomous Collision Detection and Classification in Intelligent Unmanned Surface Vehicles

TL;DR

This paper presents a hierarchical Cloud-Fog-IoT architecture for maritime ICPS to enhance real-time processing, scalability, and autonomy in unmanned surface vehicles, demonstrating improved accuracy and latency.

Contribution

It introduces a novel distributed architecture leveraging Cloud-Fog Automation principles specifically designed for maritime ICPS and USVs.

Findings

Achieved 86% classification accuracy

Improved latency performance

Enhanced scalability and responsiveness

Abstract

Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) technologies are foundational in driving maritime autonomy, particularly for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). However, onboard computational constraints and communication latency significantly restrict real-time data processing, analysis, and predictive modeling, hence limiting the scalability and responsiveness of maritime ICPS. To overcome these challenges, we propose a distributed Cloud-Edge-IoT architecture tailored for maritime ICPS by leveraging design principles from the recently proposed Cloud-Fog Automation paradigm. Our proposed architecture comprises three hierarchical layers: a Cloud Layer for centralized and decentralized data aggregation, advanced analytics, and future model refinement; an Edge Layer that executes localized AI-driven processing and decision-making; and an IoT Layer responsible for low-latency sensor data acquisition. Our experimental results demonstrated improvements in computational efficiency, responsiveness, and scalability. When compared with our conventional approaches, we achieved a classification accuracy of 86\%, with an improved latency performance. By adopting Cloud-Fog Automation, we address the low-latency processing constraints and scalability challenges in maritime ICPS applications. Our work offers a practical, modular, and scalable framework to advance robust autonomy and AI-driven decision-making and autonomy for intelligent USVs in future maritime ICPS.