Exoplanet Classification through Vision Transformers with Temporal Image Analysis

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel approach for exoplanet classification using Vision Transformers on transformed light curve data, achieving high accuracy and demonstrating the potential of image-based deep learning in astronomy.

Contribution

It presents a new methodology transforming light curves into images and applying Vision Transformers, outperforming traditional methods in exoplanet classification accuracy.

Findings

RPs outperform GAFs in model performance

ViT achieved 89.46% recall and 85.09% precision

Dataset size reduction due to under-sampling remains a challenge

Abstract

The classification of exoplanets has been a longstanding challenge in astronomy, requiring significant computational and observational resources. Traditional methods demand substantial effort, time, and cost, highlighting the need for advanced machine learning techniques to enhance classification efficiency. In this study, we propose a methodology that transforms raw light curve data from NASA's Kepler mission into Gramian Angular Fields (GAFs) and Recurrence Plots (RPs) using the Gramian Angular Difference Field and recurrence plot techniques. These transformed images serve as inputs to the Vision Transformer (ViT) model, leveraging its ability to capture intricate temporal dependencies. We assess the performance of the model through recall, precision, and F1 score metrics, using a 5-fold cross-validation approach to obtain a robust estimate of the model's performance and reduce evaluation bias. Our comparative analysis reveals that RPs outperform GAFs, with the ViT model achieving an 89.46$\%$ recall and an 85.09$\%$ precision rate, demonstrating its significant capability in accurately identifying exoplanetary transits. Despite using under-sampling techniques to address class imbalance, dataset size reduction remains a limitation. This study underscores the importance of further research into optimizing model architectures to enhance automation, performance, and generalization of the model.