Primordial magnetogenesis from a supercooled dynamical electroweak phase transition

TL;DR

This paper explores how a supercooled electroweak phase transition in the early universe could generate primordial magnetic fields, gravitational waves, and black holes, linking particle physics with cosmological observations.

Contribution

It proposes a novel mechanism for primordial magnetogenesis involving supercooling and a first order phase transition with new scalar and vector fields.

Findings

Primordial magnetic fields can originate from supercooled electroweak transitions.

Reheating temperatures below a few TeV are conducive to magnetic field generation.

The model predicts detectable primordial gravitational waves and black holes.

Abstract

Observations of $\gamma$-ray from blazars suggest the presence of magnetic fields in the intergalactic medium, which may require a primordial origin. Intense enough primordial magnetic fields can arise from theories of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking during the big bang, where supercooling is ended by a strongly first order phase transition. We consider theories involving new scalars and possibly vectors, including thermal particle dark matter candidates. Intense enough magnetic fields can arise if the reheating temperature after the phase transition is below a few TeV. The same dynamics also leaves testable primordial gravitational waves and possibly primordial black holes.