Characterizing Spin-Orbit Torques by Tensorial Spin Hall Magnetoresistance

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new tensorial magnetoresistance phenomenon that enables the characterization of unconventional spin-orbit torques beyond traditional spin Hall effect devices, applicable to various materials including WTe₂.

Contribution

It proposes a novel form of magnetoresistance described by tensorial properties, expanding the tools for studying spin torques beyond the conventional SHE framework.

Findings

Identification of a new tensorial MR form.

Demonstration of unique harmonic responses.

Applicability to non-SHE materials like WTe₂.

Abstract

Magnetoresistance (MR) provides a crucial tool for experimentally studying spin torques. While MR is well established in the device geometry of the spin Hall effect (SHE), as exemplified by the magnet/heavy-metal heterostructures, its role and manifestation beyond the SHE paradigm remain elusive. We propose a hitherto unknown form of MR where the underlying charge-to-spin conversion and its inverse process violate the simple geometry of the SHE, calling for tensorial descriptions. This MR can generate a series of unique harmonic responses essential for the experimental characterization of unconventional spin-orbit torques in non-SHE materials. We demonstrate these harmonic signals with semimetal WTe$_2$ in mind but the results are not restricted to specific materials.