What is a good use case for quantum computers?

TL;DR

This paper proposes a comprehensive four-step framework for evaluating quantum computing use cases, emphasizing benchmarking and real-world translation to identify opportunities and barriers for achieving quantum advantage.

Contribution

It introduces a structured methodology for assessing quantum applications, addressing overlooked steps like benchmarking and practical translation.

Findings

Identifies promising quantum computing applications in chemistry and NMR.

Highlights key barriers to achieving quantum advantage.

Provides criteria to guide future research and investment.

Abstract

Identify, Transform, Benchmark, Show Quantum Advantage (ITBQ): Evaluating use cases for quantum computers. We introduce a four-step framework for assessing quantum computing applications -- from identifying relevant industry problems to demonstrating quantum advantage -- addressing steps often overlooked in the literature, such as rigorous benchmarking against classical solutions and the challenge of translating real-world tasks onto quantum hardware. Applying this framework to cases like NMR, multireference chemistry, and radicals reveals both significant opportunities and key barriers on the path to practical advantage. Our results highlight the need for transparent, structured criteria to focus research, guide investment, and accelerate meaningful quantum progress.