Time-domain decoding of unconventional charge order mechanisms in nonmagnetic and magnetic kagome metals

TL;DR

This study uses time-resolved X-ray scattering to distinguish charge order mechanisms in kagome metals, revealing phonon-coupled dynamics in nonmagnetic and unconventional magnetism-interlocked order in magnetic kagome systems.

Contribution

It demonstrates the use of time-domain techniques to directly identify and differentiate charge order mechanisms in kagome metals, resolving static ambiguities.

Findings

Ultrafast melting and coherent oscillations in nonmagnetic ScV6Sn6

Resilient metastable charge order in magnetic FeGe

Distinct order parameter dynamics reveal unconventional charge order

Abstract

In kagome lattice materials, quantum interplay between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom gives rise to a remarkably rich set of emergent phenomena, ranging from unconventional charge order and superconductivity to topological magnetism. While the exact nature of these exotic orders is often challenging to comprehend in static experiments, time-resolved techniques can offer critical insights by disentangling coupled degrees of freedom on the time-axis. In this work, we demonstrate that the nature of charge orders in two representative kagome metals - nonmagnetic ScV6Sn6 and magnetic FeGe - which has been highly controversial in static studies, can be directly deciphered in the time-domain through their fundamentally distinct order parameter dynamics measured via time-resolved X-ray scattering at an X-ray free electron laser. In nonmagnetic ScV6Sn6, the dynamics are characterized by ultrafast melting and coherent amplitudon oscillations, typical of a phonon-coupled charge order. In stark contrast, magnetic FeGe exhibits resilient metastable charge order dynamics, hitherto unobserved in any other charge-ordered system - this unique time-domain behavior directly signifies an unconventional magnetism-interlocked charge order state realized in this kagome magnet. Our results not only provide a model case where unconventional nature of electronic order, hidden in equilibrium, is directly unraveled in the time-domain, but also pave the way for future out-of-equilibrium engineering of novel quantum orders in kagome lattice platforms.