A Dual-Layer Image Encryption Framework Using Chaotic AES with Dynamic S-Boxes and Steganographic QR Codes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a dual-layer image encryption system combining chaotic AES with dynamic S-boxes and steganographic QR codes for secure key distribution, achieving high security and robustness for sensitive image transmission.

Contribution

It proposes a novel dual-layer encryption framework integrating chaos theory, dynamic S-boxes, and steganography for secure image encryption and key sharing.

Findings

Achieves near-ideal entropy of 7.997 in encrypted images.

Demonstrates strong resistance to differential attacks with NPCR > 99.6%.

Ensures robustness against noise and data loss.

Abstract

This paper presents a robust image encryption and key distribution framework that integrates an enhanced AES-128 algorithm with chaos theory and advanced steganographic techniques for dual-layer security. The encryption engine features a dynamic ShiftRows operation controlled by a logistic map, variable S-boxes generated from a two-dimensional Henon map for substitution and key expansion, and feedback chaining with post-encryption XOR diffusion to improve confusion, diffusion, and key sensitivity. To address secure key delivery, the scheme introduces dual-key distribution via steganographically modified QR codes. A static key and an AES-encrypted dynamic session key are embedded with a covert hint message using least significant bit (LSB) steganography. This design ensures the dynamic key can only be decrypted after reconstructing the static key from the hidden message, offering multi-factor protection against interception. Experimental results demonstrate the framework outperforms existing chaos-based and hybrid AES methods, achieving near-ideal entropy (7.997), minimal pixel correlation, and strong differential resistance with NPCR (>99.6%) and UACI (50.1%). Encrypted images show uniform histograms and robustness against noise and data loss. The framework offers a scalable, secure solution for sensitive image transmission in applications such as surveillance, medical imaging, and digital forensics, bridging the gap between cryptographic strength and safe key distribution.