A Century of Bose-Einstein Condensation

TL;DR

This paper reviews the history, fundamental phenomena, and broad implications of Bose-Einstein Condensation, highlighting its discovery, experimental verification, and impact on understanding quantum phases and potential technological uses.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of a century of Bose-Einstein Condensation research, emphasizing its significance and evolution in physics.

Findings

Bose-Einstein Condensation was theoretically predicted around 100 years ago.

It was experimentally demonstrated in weakly interacting gases 30 years ago.

The phenomenon has led to new insights into quantum phases and collective dynamics.

Abstract

Bose-Einstein Condensation is a phenomenon at the heart of many of the past century's most intriguing and fundamental manifestations, such as superfluidity and superconductivity. It was discovered theoretically some 100 years ago, and unequivocally experimentally demonstrated in the context of weakly interacting gases 30 years ago. Since then, it has spawned a revolution in our understanding of fundamental phases of matter and collective quantum dynamics extending across all physical scales and energies, with unforeseen implications and the potential for envisaged quantum technological applications.