Stability and Performance of Online Feedback Optimization for Distribution Grid Flexibility

TL;DR

This paper examines the stability and performance of Online Feedback Optimization controllers in distribution grids with DERs, emphasizing the importance of proper tuning for reliable flexibility provision.

Contribution

It introduces a hierarchical control architecture and analyzes how parameter tuning affects stability and performance of OFO in distribution grids.

Findings

Controller stability is sensitive to tuning parameters.

Improper tuning can cause oscillations or instability.

Systematic parameter selection is essential for reliable operation.

Abstract

The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into sub-transmission systems has enabled new opportunities for flexibility provision in ancillary services such as frequency and voltage support, as well as congestion management. This paper investigates the stability and performance of Online Feedback Optimization (OFO) controllers in ensuring reliable flexibility provision. A hierarchical control architecture is proposed, emphasizing safe transitions between system states within the Feasible Operating Region (FOR). We evaluate the controller's stability and performance through simulations of transitions to the vertices of the FOR, analyzing the impact of tuning parameters. The study demonstrates that controller stability is sensitive to parameter tuning, particularly gain and sensitivity approximations. Results demonstrate that improper tuning can lead to oscillatory or unstable behavior, highlighting the need for systematic parameter selection to ensure reliable operation across the full flexibility range.