Superconductivity and inhomogeneous charge-ordered state in the two-Dimensional Hubbard model -- Off-Diagonal Wave Function Monte Carlo Studies of Hubbard Model IV

TL;DR

This study uses advanced Monte Carlo methods to explore the ground state of the 2D Hubbard model, revealing coexistence of d-wave superconductivity and charge order without magnetic order, and demonstrating long-range superconducting correlations.

Contribution

It introduces an improved variational wave function approach to analyze inhomogeneous states and provides evidence of coexistence of superconductivity and charge order in the model.

Findings

d-wave superconductivity coexists with charge order

long-range superconducting order confirmed by pair correlation

strong correlations suppress pair correlations

Abstract

We investigate the ground-state properties of the two-dimensional Hubbard model, based on the off-diagonal wave function variational Monte Carlo method. We use an optimized wave function that is improved from an initial one-body wave function by multiplying by multiple correlation operators that are given by the form of exp($-S$)-type where $S$ is a suitable operator. We examine the inhomogeneous ground state at near 1/8 doping in the strongly correlated region where the on-site Coulomb interaction is larger than the bandwidth. The $d$-wave superconductivity with a spatially oscillating gap function can coexist with the charge ordering in the ground state without magnetic ordering, and superconducting condensation energy increases by this coexistence. We also show the $d$-wave pair correlation function as a function of lattice sites. The correlation function indicates that the long-range superconducting order indeed exists, and also that the strong electron correlation suppresses the pair correlation function.