Hopf-Galois module structure of monogenic orders in cubic number fields

TL;DR

This paper investigates when monogenic orders in cubic number fields are free modules over their associated Hopf-Galois orders, linking algebraic properties to solvability of Pell equations and specific congruence conditions.

Contribution

It provides a characterization of the module structure of monogenic orders in cubic fields via Pell equations and congruences, extending understanding of Hopf-Galois module theory.

Findings

Freeness characterized by Pell equation solvability

Criteria for equality of order and ring of integers

Conditions for module freeness over Hopf-Galois structures

Abstract

For a cubic number field $L$, we consider the $\mathbb{Z}$-order in $L$ of the form $\mathbb{Z}[\alpha]$, where $\alpha$ is a root of a polynomial of the form $x^3-ax+b$ and $a,b\in\mathbb{Z}$ are integers such that $v_p(a)\leq 2$ or $v_p(b)\leq 3$ for all prime numbers $p$. We characterize the freeness of $\mathbb{Z}[\alpha]$ as a module over its associated order in the unique Hopf-Galois structure $H$ on $L$ in terms of the solvability of at least one between two generalized Pell equations in terms of $a$ and $b$. We determine when the equality $\mathcal{O}_L=\mathbb{Z}[\alpha]$ is satisfied in terms of congruence conditions for $a$ and $b$. For such cases, we specialize our result so as to obtain criteria for the freeness of $\mathcal{O}_L$ as a module over its associated order in $H$.