Galaxies at the edges: a complete census of MACS J0416.1-2403 cluster
Rossella Ragusa, Maurizio D'Addona, Amata Mercurio, Marcella Longhetti, Marisa Girardi, Marianna Annunziatella, Nicolas Estrada, Claudio Grillo, Angela Iovino, Giula Rodighiero, Piero Rosati, Benedetta Vulcani, Giuseppe Angora, Hans Bohringer, Massimo Brescia

TL;DR
This study provides a comprehensive spectroscopic census of galaxies in the outskirts of the MACS J0416.1-2403 cluster, revealing environmental influences on galaxy evolution and supporting the pre-processing scenario during cluster assembly.
Contribution
It offers the first detailed spectroscopic analysis of the cluster outskirts at intermediate redshift, linking galaxy properties to environment and filamentary infall.
Findings
Galaxies in high-density regions are more massive and redder.
Filamentary infall contributes significantly to cluster mass assembly.
Environmental effects influence galaxy star formation and color before cluster infall.
Abstract
Numerous studies have established that the environment influences the physical properties of a galaxy. While gas inflows supply the fuel for SF, high density and temperature conditions suppress SF activity through various quenching processes. Investigations into large scale structures, such as filaments and overdense regions in the cluster outskirts, have focused on the low z. To move to intermediate z and explore galaxy pathways combined with environmental effects, it is crucial to join wide field spectroscopy and deep photometry. Our primary objective is to spectroscopically analyze the photometric overdensities observed by Estrada et al.(2023) in the outskirts of massive cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 (z=0.397), interpreted as evidence of ongoing group infall, i.e. the pre processing scenario, and to investigate the behavior of galaxies in the outskirts about their g-r color, Mstar, and…
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