SWDL: Stratum-Wise Difference Learning with Deep Laplacian Pyramid for Semi-Supervised 3D Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentation

TL;DR

This paper introduces SWDL-Net, a semi-supervised learning framework that combines Laplacian pyramid and deep convolutional upsampling for improved 3D intracranial hemorrhage segmentation with minimal labeled data.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel semi-supervised learning method that leverages Laplacian pyramid and deep convolutional upsampling for better segmentation with limited annotations.

Findings

Outperforms state-of-the-art methods with only 2% labeled data.

Achieves superior lesion boundary and detail segmentation.

Validated on multiple datasets including ICH and BHSD.

Abstract

Recent advances in medical imaging have established deep learning-based segmentation as the predominant approach, though it typically requires large amounts of manually annotated data. However, obtaining annotations for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains particularly challenging due to the tedious and costly labeling process. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising solution to address the scarcity of labeled data, especially in volumetric medical image segmentation. Unlike conventional SSL methods that primarily focus on high-confidence pseudo-labels or consistency regularization, we propose SWDL-Net, a novel SSL framework that exploits the complementary advantages of Laplacian pyramid and deep convolutional upsampling. The Laplacian pyramid excels at edge sharpening, while deep convolutions enhance detail precision through flexible feature mapping. Our framework achieves superior segmentation of lesion details and boundaries through a difference learning mechanism that effectively integrates these complementary approaches. Extensive experiments on a 271-case ICH dataset and public benchmarks demonstrate that SWDL-Net outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in scenarios with only 2% labeled data. Additional evaluations on the publicly available Brain Hemorrhage Segmentation Dataset (BHSD) with 5% labeled data further confirm the superiority of our approach. Code and data have been released at https://github.com/SIAT-CT-LAB/SWDL.