Statistical mechanics of fluids with hidden degrees of freedom

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel model for complex fluids that incorporates microscopic degrees of freedom, revealing equilibrium states with heterogeneous density profiles akin to non-equilibrium phenomena.

Contribution

It presents a new approach that explicitly models microscopic degrees of freedom, challenging traditional coarse-grained methods in complex fluid systems.

Findings

Equilibrium states with finite length scale heterogeneity

Heterogeneous density profiles similar to non-equilibrium phenomena

Distinction between equilibrium and non-equilibrium steady states

Abstract

Although coarse-grained models have been widely used to explain exotic phenomena in complex fluids, such as droplet formation in living cells, these conventional approaches often fail to capture the intricate microscopic degrees of freedom that such fluids inherently possess. In this study, we propose a model that incorporates distinct microscopic degrees of freedom and their interactions, without directly relying on conventional coarse-grained descriptions. By introducing two key assumptions, we show that the system can exhibit equilibrium states characterized by heterogeneous density profiles with finite length scales, resembling those typically associated with non-equilibrium phenomena. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between equilibrium states and non-equilibrium steady states in highly complex systems.