Late time behavior in $f(R,\mathcal{L}_{m})$ gravity through Gaussian reconstruction and dynamical stability

TL;DR

This paper reconstructs and analyzes $f(R, \\mathcal{L}_m)$ gravity models using Gaussian processes and phase-space methods, showing they can explain late-time cosmic acceleration without a cosmological constant.

Contribution

It introduces data-driven reconstructed $f(\\mathcal{L}_m)$ models and demonstrates their dynamical stability and viability for late-time cosmic acceleration.

Findings

Reconstructed power-law and exponential $f(\\mathcal{L}_m)$ models from Hubble data.

Identified stable critical points indicating viable cosmic evolution.

Models exhibit late-time stable attractors consistent with accelerated expansion.

Abstract

In this paper, we explore modified gravity in the framework of $f(R, \mathcal{L}_m)$ theories by reconstructing the function $f(\mathcal{L}_m)$, where $\mathcal{L}_m = \rho$ is the matter Lagrangian, under the assumption of a pressureless, matter-dominated Universe. Using a non-parametric Gaussian process reconstruction technique applied to Hubble data, we obtain two viable models of $f(\mathcal{L}_m)$ : (i) a power-law model $f_1(\mathcal{L}_m) = \alpha \mathcal{L}_m^{b_1}$ with $b_1 \in [0.018, 0.025]$ and (ii) an exponential model $f_2(\mathcal{L}_m) = \alpha \mathcal{L}_{m0} \left(1 - e^{-b_2 \sqrt{\mathcal{L}_m/\mathcal{L}_{m0}}} \right)$ with $b_2 \in [2.3, 3.0]$. We then fix the parameter values within these reconstructed ranges and analyze the corresponding dynamical systems within the matter-dominated epoch by constructing autonomous equations. Phase-space analysis reveals the presence of stable critical points in both models, suggesting viable cosmic evolution within their domains of validity. Both the models exhibit stable attractor solution at late time, reinforcing their viability in explaining the late time cosmic acceleration without explicitly invoking a cosmological constant. Our results indicate that $f(R, \mathcal{L}_m)$ gravity with data-driven matter-sector modifications can offer a compelling alternative description of cosmic dynamics during the matter-dominated era.