Dissecting environmental effects with eccentric gravitational wave sources

TL;DR

This paper models how environmental resonances affect eccentric binary gravitational wave signals, revealing complex dephasing effects that can be used to probe the surrounding environment in detail.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic way to model environmental effects on eccentric binaries' GW signals, highlighting the importance of resonances over traditional models.

Findings

Resonances cause significant dephasing in GW signals with eccentric binaries.

Dephasing from epi-cyclical resonances can dominate over gas drag effects.

Fourier mode analysis can reveal binary-environment coupling details.

Abstract

We model the effect of resonances between time-varying perturbative forces and the epi-cyclical motion of eccentric binaries in the gravitational wave (GW) driven regime. These induce secular drifts in the orbital elements which are reflected in a dephasing of the binary's GW signal, derived here systematically. The resulting dephasing prescriptions showcase a much richer phenomenology with respect to typically adopted power-laws, and are better able to model realistic environmental effects (EE). The most important consequences are for gas embedded binaries, which we analyse in detail with a series of analytical calculations, numerical experiments and a curated set of hydrodynamical simulations for equal masses. Even in these simplified tests, we find the surprising result that dephasing caused by epi-cyclical resonances dominate over expectations based on smoothed or orbit averaged gas drag models in GW signals that retain mild eccentricity in the detector band ($e> 0.05$). We discuss how dissecting GW dephasing in its component Fourier modes can be used to probe the coupling of binaries with their surrounding environment in unprecedented detail.