Dense Matter in Neutron Stars with eXTP

TL;DR

The paper discusses how the upcoming eXTP mission can significantly advance understanding of dense matter in neutron stars through multi-faceted X-ray observations, helping to constrain their internal physics.

Contribution

It highlights the potential of eXTP's combined timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry to explore neutron star interiors beyond current capabilities.

Findings

High-precision measurements of neutron star properties possible with eXTP

Potential to constrain the equation of state of dense matter

Enhanced understanding of neutron star phases from crust to core

Abstract

In this White Paper, we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) mission to constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars, exploring regimes not directly accessible to terrestrial experiments. By observing a diverse population of neutron stars - including isolated objects, X-ray bursters, and accreting systems - eXTP's unique combination of timing, spectroscopy, and polarimetry enables high-precision measurements of compactness, spin, surface temperature, polarimetric signals, and timing irregularity. These multifaceted observations, combined with advances in theoretical modeling, pave the way toward a comprehensive description of the properties and phases of dense matter from the crust to the core of neutron stars. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is planned to be launched in early 2030.