Reasoning Paths as Signals: Augmenting Multi-hop Fact Verification through Structural Reasoning Progression

TL;DR

This paper introduces a structural reasoning framework that models reasoning paths as graphs to improve multi-hop fact verification, leading to better evidence retrieval and claim verification accuracy.

Contribution

It proposes a novel graph-based reasoning approach with structure-enhanced retrieval and path-guided verification modules for more accurate fact verification.

Findings

Outperforms baseline models on FEVER and HoVer datasets

Improves evidence retrieval precision

Enhances verification accuracy

Abstract

The growing complexity of factual claims in real-world scenarios presents significant challenges for automated fact verification systems, particularly in accurately aggregating and reasoning over multi-hop evidence. Existing approaches often rely on static or shallow models that fail to capture the evolving structure of reasoning paths, leading to fragmented retrieval and limited interpretability. To address these issues, we propose a Structural Reasoning framework for Multi-hop Fact Verification that explicitly models reasoning paths as structured graphs throughout both evidence retrieval and claim verification stages. Our method comprises two key modules: a structure-enhanced retrieval mechanism that constructs reasoning graphs to guide evidence collection, and a reasoning-path-guided verification module that incrementally builds subgraphs to represent evolving inference trajectories. We further incorporate a structure-aware reasoning mechanism that captures long-range dependencies across multi-hop evidence chains, enabling more precise verification. Extensive experiments on the FEVER and HoVer datasets demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms strong baselines, highlighting the effectiveness of reasoning-path modeling in enhancing retrieval precision and verification accuracy.