Fuse and Federate: Enhancing EV Charging Station Security with Multimodal Fusion and Federated Learning

TL;DR

This paper introduces a multimodal fusion and federated learning-based intrusion detection system for EV charging stations, significantly improving detection accuracy and privacy preservation against sophisticated cyber threats in smart grid infrastructure.

Contribution

It presents a novel federated learning framework combining multimodal data sources for enhanced EVSE cybersecurity detection capabilities.

Findings

Detection rate above 98%

Precision rate exceeding 97%

Effective in decentralized environments

Abstract

The rapid global adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has established electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) as a critical component of smart grid infrastructure. While essential for ensuring reliable energy delivery and accessibility, EVSE systems face significant cybersecurity challenges, including network reconnaissance, backdoor intrusions, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. These emerging threats, driven by the interconnected and autonomous nature of EVSE, require innovative and adaptive security mechanisms that go beyond traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS). Existing approaches, whether network-based or host-based, often fail to detect sophisticated and targeted attacks specifically crafted to exploit new vulnerabilities in EVSE infrastructure. This paper proposes a novel intrusion detection framework that leverages multimodal data sources, including network traffic and kernel events, to identify complex attack patterns. The framework employs a distributed learning approach, enabling collaborative intelligence across EVSE stations while preserving data privacy through federated learning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms existing solutions, achieving a detection rate above 98% and a precision rate exceeding 97% in decentralized environments. This solution addresses the evolving challenges of EVSE security, offering a scalable and privacypreserving response to advanced cyber threats