Computationally Efficient Analytical Models of Frequency and Voltage in Low-Inertia Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces low-order, computationally efficient models for frequency and voltage dynamics in low-inertia power systems with high inverter penetration, enabling faster planning and operational analysis.

Contribution

The paper presents novel low-order models that accurately simulate frequency and voltage responses in low-inertia systems without increased computational costs.

Findings

Models are several orders of magnitude faster than electromagnetic transient simulations.

Models maintain high accuracy across varying inverter shares.

Suitable for multi-scenario and probabilistic system studies.

Abstract

In this paper, low-order models of the frequency and voltage response of mixed-generation, low-inertia systems are presented. These models are unique in their ability to efficiently and accurately model frequency and voltage dynamics without increasing the computational burden as the share of inverters is increased in a system. The models are validated against industry-grade electromagnetic transient simulation, compared to which the proposed models are several orders of magnitude faster. The accuracy and efficiency of the low-inertia frequency and voltage models makes them well suited for a variety of planning and operational studies, especially for multi-scenario and probabilistic studies, as well as for screening studies to establish impact zones based on the dynamic interactions between inverters and synchronous generators.