AI Simulation by Digital Twins: Systematic Survey, Reference Framework, and Mapping to a Standardized Architecture

TL;DR

This paper systematically surveys digital twin-enabled AI simulation, proposing a reference framework and architectural guidelines to enhance AI development using high-fidelity virtual replicas of physical systems.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive reference framework and maps it onto ISO 23247 architecture, providing new guidelines for integrating digital twins in AI simulation.

Findings

Analyzed 22 primary studies to identify technological trends.

Derived a reference framework for digital twin-enabled AI simulation.

Mapped the framework onto ISO 23247 architecture.

Abstract

Insufficient data volume and quality are particularly pressing challenges in the adoption of modern subsymbolic AI. To alleviate these challenges, AI simulation uses virtual training environments in which AI agents can be safely and efficiently developed with simulated, synthetic data. Digital twins open new avenues in AI simulation, as these high-fidelity virtual replicas of physical systems are equipped with state-of-the-art simulators and the ability to further interact with the physical system for additional data collection. In this article, we report on our systematic survey of digital twin-enabled AI simulation. By analyzing 22 primary studies, we identify technological trends and derive a reference framework to situate digital twins and AI components. Based on our findings, we derive a reference framework and provide architectural guidelines by mapping it onto the ISO 23247 reference architecture for digital twins. Finally, we identify challenges and research opportunities for prospective researchers.