Direct Polarization-Entangled Photon Pair Generation Using Domain-Engineered Nonlinear Crystals

TL;DR

This paper presents a simple, robust, and cost-effective method for generating polarization-entangled photon pairs using domain-engineered nonlinear crystals, with thorough characterization and high violation of Bell inequality.

Contribution

It introduces a novel phase-matching shaping technique in poled KTP crystals for efficient entangled photon pair generation in a collinear setup.

Findings

Achieved high Bell inequality violation with S=2.747

Demonstrated polarization and spectral entanglement control

Characterized entanglement quality using quantum state tomography

Abstract

A bi-photon polarization-frequency entanglement source was realized by shaping the phase-matching function of a poled KTP crystal. It provides a simple method to achieve either polarization or spectral entanglement in a simple collinear setup, based on single-pass SPDC and a dichroic (or polarizing) beam splitter. This is a robust and cost-effective configuration that can be easily implemented outside the laboratory environment. We characterized the source by two approaches: reconstructing the density matrix of the generated state with quantum state tomography, by recording the coincidences across 16 mutual polarization settings, in addition to a new method based on quantifying the symmetry of the joint spectral intensity by swapping between the signal and idler wavelengths. The polarization-entangled source violates the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality with a measured $S=2.747\pm 0.004$. We also measured the polarization entanglement visibility in two mutually unbiased polarization bases and evaluated the squeezing level by characterizing the reduction in visibility at high pump power.