Cosmological insights from an exponential $Om(z)$ function in $f(T,T_{G})$ gravity framework

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new exponential $Om(z)$ diagnostic within $f(T,T_{G})$ gravity to effectively analyze dark energy evolution, constrained by observational data, and consistent with late-time cosmic acceleration.

Contribution

It proposes a novel exponential $Om(z)$ form for modified teleparallel gravity, enabling flexible, model-independent dark energy analysis with observational constraints.

Findings

Best-fit $H_0$ range aligns with local measurements

Model predicts transition redshift $z_{tr} oughly 0.5$

Cosmic age estimate of 13.28-13.87 Gyr

Abstract

We examine a modified teleparallel gravity model defined by $f(T,T_{G})=T+\gamma\sqrt{T_{G}}+\delta\sqrt{T}$ by introducing an exponential $Om(z)$ diagnostic of the form $Om(z)=\alpha e^{\frac{z}{1+z}}+\beta$. This novel form captures smooth redshift evolution and allows for a flexible, model-independent probe of dark energy dynamics. We derive a Hubble function from this expression and use MCMC analysis with $31$ CC, $26$ BAO and $1701$ Pantheon+ data points to constrain the model parameters. The best-fit results yield $H_{0} \in [68.46, 77.38]$km/s/Mpc for $\alpha \in [-0.232, -0.068]$ and $\beta \in [0.218, 0.560]$ which is consistent with local $H_{0}$ values. Our model predicts a transition redshift $z_{tr} \approx (0.48-0.54)$, present $q_{0}\approx -0.34$, and $\omega_{0}\approx-0.33$. It satisfies NEC and DEC, closely tracks $\Lambda$CDM in the statefinder plane and estimates a cosmic age of $(13.28-13.87)$ Gyr which confirms its strength in explaining late-time acceleration. Our findings demonstrate that the exponential $Om(z)$ parameterization provides a robust and insightful approach to trace dark energy evolution within modified gravity frameworks.