The Interplay of Polar and Nematic Order in Active Matter: Implications for Non-Equilibrium Physics and Biology

TL;DR

This paper reviews the coexistence of polar and nematic order in active matter, emphasizing its significance for understanding biological processes and advancing non-equilibrium physics through theoretical and experimental insights.

Contribution

It highlights the importance of mixed symmetries in active matter, providing a comprehensive framework that bridges biology and non-equilibrium physics.

Findings

Mixed symmetries are prevalent in biological active matter.

Considering combined polar and nematic order improves modeling accuracy.

Integrating recent studies advances understanding of complex active systems.

Abstract

Active matter has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of non-equilibrium systems, leading to a fundamental shift in the study of biophysical phenomena. The foundation of active matter research is built on assumptions regarding the symmetry of microscopic constituents. While these assumptions have been validated extensively, instances of mixed or joint symmetries are prevalent in biological systems. This review explores the coexistence of polar and nematic order in active matter, emphasizing the theoretical and experimental challenges associated with these systems. By integrating insights from recent studies, we highlight the importance of considering mixed symmetries to accurately describe biological processes. This exploration not only benefits the field of biology but could also open new horizons for non-equilibrium physics, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding complex behavior in active matter.