Examples for BPS solitons destabilized by quantum effects

TL;DR

This paper studies BPS solitons in models with multiple vacua, revealing that quantum effects destabilize solitons occupying secondary vacua by making their energies unbounded from below.

Contribution

It provides the first computation of the one-loop quantum corrections to BPS soliton energies in models with multiple vacua, showing destabilization effects.

Findings

Quantum corrections are unbounded from below for solitons near secondary vacua.

Quantum effects destabilize solitons occupying secondary vacua.

The results support the conjecture that secondary vacua destabilize BPS solitons quantum mechanically.

Abstract

We investigate serval models for two scalar fields in one space dimension with topologically stable solitons that are constructed from BPS equations. The asymptotic behavior of these solitons fully determines their classical energies. A particular feature of the considered mode ls is that there are several translationally invariant ground states that we call primary and secondary vacua. The former are those that ar e asymptotically assumed by the solitons. Solitons that occupy a secondary vacuum in finite but eventually large portions of space are clas sically degenerate. hus the quantum contributions to the energies are decisive for the energetically favored soliton. While some of these s olitons were constructed previously, we, for the first time, compute the leading (one-loop) quantum contribution their energies. In all ca ses considered we find that this contribution is not bounded from below and that it is the more negative the larger the region is in which the soliton approaches a secondary vacuum. This corroborates the conjecture, earlier inferred from the Shifman-Voloshin soliton, that the a vailability of secondary vacua destabilizes these solitons on the quantum level.