Quantum Dialogue through Non-destructive Discrimination of Cluster State

TL;DR

This paper presents a measurement-based quantum dialogue protocol utilizing non-destructive discrimination of a cluster state, enabling secure, reusable communication with noise robustness, experimentally verified on IBM quantum hardware.

Contribution

It introduces a novel NDD-based quantum dialogue protocol using a simplified cluster state, enhancing security, reusability, and noise resilience compared to existing methods.

Findings

Protocol is secure against common quantum attacks

Experimental verification on IBM quantum hardware

Single-qubit error correction improves noise robustness

Abstract

We propose an efficient, measurement-based quantum dialogue protocol through non-destructive discrimination (NDD) of cluster state. We use ancilla-based measurements that allow the state to be reused without destroying its entanglement. The initial state is a local unitary (LU-) equivalent of the five-qubit cluster state, which significantly reduces the state components from 32 to 4, simultaneously allowing one to write its different subspaces using two different bases. The protocol utilizes single qubit unitaries from the Pauli group to encode the messages, thus preserving the stabilizer nature of the initial state throughout. We demonstrate that the proposed protocol is secure under common quantum attacks and outlining the procedure for the scalability of the scheme to transmit an n-bit message. The proposed protocol has been experimentally verified using IBM quantum backend 'IBM-Torino' as a proof of concept. Using the stabilizer nature of the state, we further introduce a single-qubit error correction mechanism that enhances robustness against noise without requiring any additional qubits. further, the use of NDD allows one to reuse the quantum resources in advancing the two-way dialogue, marking the importance and novelty of the proposed scheme over preexisting methods.