Dark Matter Induced Proton Decays

TL;DR

This paper introduces a theoretical model linking dark matter stability to proton decay via a residual symmetry, predicting observable collider signatures and proton lifetime correlations.

Contribution

It unifies dark matter stability and proton decay mechanisms through a residual $Z_4$ symmetry from $U(1)_{B+L}$ breaking, leading to testable predictions.

Findings

Proton decay occurs at one-loop level mediated by dark sector particles.

The model predicts TeV-scale mediators compatible with current proton lifetime limits.

Distinctive collider signatures arise from leptoquark mediators with exotic charges.

Abstract

We propose a novel theoretical framework in which proton decay is induced by the dark matter. While proton decay requires violation of the $B+L$ symmetry, dark matter stability often relies on the presence of an unbroken symmetry. These seemingly distinct phenomena are unified through the global $U(1)_{B+L}$ symmetry inherent in the Standard Model. Its spontaneous breaking leads to a residual $Z_4$ symmetry, which ensures dark matter stability and forbids proton decay at tree level. Consequently, proton decay occurs at the one-loop level, mediated by dark sector particles. The proton lifetime is linked with the dark matter, the heavier dark matter mass enhancing proton stability, and vice versa. The $\mathcal{O}$(TeV) masses of the mediators remain consistent with current proton lifetime limits, making them accessible to experimental searches. In particular, the leptoquark mediating proton decay, carrying exotic $B+L$ charges, leads to a distinctive signature in collider searches. By intertwining proton decay, dark matter stability, and collider phenomenology, this framework offers distinctive signatures that can be probed in current and future experiments.