Geo-Disasters: geocoding climate-related events in the international disaster database EM-DAT

TL;DR

This paper geocodes over 9,200 climate-related disasters from EM-DAT, enhancing its utility for impact research by providing precise geospatial data and a reproducible updating framework.

Contribution

It introduces a method to geocode EM-DAT disaster records accurately using minimal location info and provides an open framework for ongoing updates.

Findings

Geocoded 9,217 climate disasters from EM-DAT (1990-2023).

Enhanced EM-DAT data supports better impact assessment and adaptation planning.

Method remains accurate with limited location data.

Abstract

Climate hazards can escalate into humanitarian disasters. Understanding their trajectories -- considering hazard intensity, human exposure, and societal vulnerability -- is essential for effective anticipatory action. The International Disaster Database (EM-DAT) is the only freely available global resource of humanitarian disaster records. However, it lacks exact geospatial information, limiting its use for climate hazard impact research. Here, we provide geocoding of 9,217 climate-related disasters reported by EM-DAT from 1990 to 2023, along with an open, reproducible framework for updating. Our method remains accurate even when only region names are available and includes quality flags to assess reliability. The augmented EM-DAT enables integration with other geocoded data, supporting more accurate assessment of climate disaster impacts and adaptation deficits.