A Hierarchy of Deviation from Complete Positivity and Optimal Entanglement Witnesses

TL;DR

This paper introduces a spectral measure called CP-distance to quantify how far Hermitian maps are from being completely positive, extending to a hierarchy of deviations that relate to entanglement certification and Schmidt number thresholds.

Contribution

It develops a spectral formula for the CP-distance and its hierarchy, linking it to entanglement depth and providing a universal method for constructing entanglement witnesses.

Findings

Spectral formula for CP-distance derived

Hierarchy of deviation $d_k$ introduced and characterized

Thresholds for Schmidt number certification established

Abstract

We introduce the \emph{CP-distance} to quantify the deviation of Hermitian linear maps from complete positivity, defined as the minimal depolarizing noise required to render a map completely positive. We derive a closed spectral formula for this distance and extend the framework to \emph{directional robustness} against arbitrary completely positive maps, establishing stability and tensor-product properties. Expanding this to the intermediate cones of $k$-positive maps, we introduce a \emph{hierarchy of deviation}, $d_k(\Phi)$. We derive a spectral formula for $d_k$ based on entanglement depth and demonstrate that it serves as an optimal threshold for certifying Schmidt numbers, allowing for the universal construction of dimension-sensitive entanglement witnesses.