Make Some Noise! Measuring Noise Model Quality in Real-World Quantum Software
Stefan Raimund Maschek, J\"urgen Schwitalla, Maja Franz, Wolfgang Mauerer

TL;DR
This paper develops and validates a tunable noise model for quantum simulators based on empirical data from IBM hardware, enabling realistic simulation and assessment of noise model quality for current and future quantum algorithms.
Contribution
It introduces a scalable, empirically calibrated noise model using Kraus channels, validated on large-scale simulators and real hardware, with a new metric for noise model quality assessment.
Findings
Accurately simulates IBM quantum hardware noise
Provides a method to evaluate noise model quality for large problems
Offers insights into noise effects on future fault-tolerant quantum systems
Abstract
Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms. As real quantum hardware is still limited in size and accessibility, noise models for classical simulation--that in some cases can exceed dimensions of actual systems--play a critical role in obtaining insights into quantum algorithm performance, and the properties of mechanisms for error correction and mitigation. We present, implement and validate a tunable noise model building on the Kraus channel formalism on a large scale quantum simulator system (Qaptiva). We use empirical noise measurements from IBM quantum (IBMQ) systems to calibrate the model and create a realistic simulation environment. Experimental evaluation of our approach with…
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