Investigating Quantum Feature Maps in Quantum Support Vector Machines for Lung Cancer Classification

TL;DR

This paper explores how different quantum feature maps affect the performance of quantum support vector machines in classifying lung cancer, demonstrating that physics-based quantum models can improve diagnostic accuracy.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of quantum feature maps in QSVM for lung cancer classification, highlighting the superior performance of the PauliFeatureMap.

Findings

PauliFeatureMap achieved perfect classification in some subsets.

Quantum feature maps can significantly influence QSVM performance.

Quantum models enhance diagnostic accuracy in healthcare applications.

Abstract

In recent years, quantum machine learning has emerged as a promising intersection between quantum physics and artificial intelligence, particularly in domains requiring advanced pattern recognition such as healthcare. This study investigates the effectiveness of Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM), which leverage quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to construct high-dimensional Hilbert spaces for data classification. Focusing on lung cancer diagnosis, a concrete and critical healthcare application, we analyze how different quantum feature maps influence classification performance. Using a real-world dataset of 309 patient records with significant class imbalance (39 non-cancer vs. 270 cancer cases), we constructed six balanced subsets for robust evaluation. QSVM models were implemented using Qiskit and executed on the qasm simulator, employing three distinct quantum feature maps: ZFeatureMap, ZZFeatureMap, and PauliFeatureMap. Performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Results show that the PauliFeatureMap consistently outperformed the others, achieving perfect classification in three subsets and strong performance overall. These findings demonstrate how quantum computational principles can be harnessed to enhance diagnostic capabilities, reinforcing the importance of physics-based modeling in emerging AI applications within healthcare.