Cascade Relaxation of the Gravitating Vacuum as a Generator of the Evolving Universe
V. N. Lukash (Astro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia), E. V. Mikheeva (Astro Space Center, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences)

TL;DR
This paper proposes a model where cascade relaxation of the vacuum in an expanding universe drives the evolution of cosmological structures, linking vacuum dynamics to observable phenomena like black holes and dark matter.
Contribution
It introduces a new observationally grounded model of vacuum relaxation that explains the universe's evolution without relying on detailed field potentials.
Findings
Created an observational model with two constants fitting data
Derived solutions for the vacuum attractor in general relativity
Predicted additional small-scale density perturbations
Abstract
The cascade relaxation of a polarized vacuum in the expanding Universe is a chain of evolutionary epochs of decreasing its density with the exit of dominant fields (each in its own time) from the initial zero states to nonzero values, from the dominant scalar field in the early Universe to subsequent ones, including the -term in the modern Universe. The cascade vacuum relaxation creates the entire observable cosmology from the Friedmann model with small perturbations of the metric with non-power-law power spectra from which primordial black holes could have arisen, and gravitational waves over a wide wavenumber range to the formation of dark matter and energy, early galaxies, supermassive black holes, and the large-scale structure of the Universe. An observational model of cascade vacuum relaxation in the early Universe has been build, which contains two constants determined by…
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