The Galactic Pizza: Flat Rotation Curves in the Context of Cosmological Time-Energy Coupling

TL;DR

This paper proposes that galaxy rotation curves and cosmic acceleration phenomena can be explained by the growth of galactic mass and radius over time, without dark matter or modifications to gravity, through a cosmological time-energy coupling framework.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cosmological model linking mass-energy evolution to galactic dynamics and dark energy, challenging traditional dark matter and cosmological constant explanations.

Findings

Galactic rotation curve anomalies explained without dark matter.

Reconciliation of early massive objects with standard structure formation.

Zero-energy condition for the cosmic fluid's equation of state.

Abstract

The phenomenon of augmented gravity on the scale of galaxies, conventionally attributed to dark matter halos, is shown to possibly result from the incremental growth of galactic masses and radii over time. This approach elucidates the cosmological origins of the acceleration scale $a_0\approx cH_0/2\pi\approx10^{-10}$ms$^{-2}$ at which galaxy rotation curves deviate from Keplerian behavior, with no need for new particles or modifications to the laws of gravity, i.e., it constitutes a new explanatory path beyond Cold Dark Matter (CDM) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Once one formally equates the energy density of the universe to the critical value ($\rho=\rho_c$) and the cosmic age to the reciprocal of the Hubble parameter ($t=H^{-1}$), independently of the epoch of observation, the result is the Zero-Energy condition for the cosmic fluid's equation of state, with key repercussions for the study of dark energy since the observables can be explained in the absence of a cosmological constant. Furthermore, this mass-energy evolution framework is able to reconcile the success of CDM models in describing structure assembly at $z\lesssim6$ with the unexpected discovery of massive objects at $z\gtrsim10$. Models that feature a strong coupling between cosmic time and energy are favored by this analysis.