Spin-induced Scalarized Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar Models

TL;DR

This paper constructs and analyzes spin-induced scalarized black hole solutions in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models, revealing that scalar hair appears only in rapidly rotating black holes and highlighting their stability and coexistence with Kerr-Newman black holes.

Contribution

The study introduces new scalarized black hole solutions that develop scalar hair only at high spins, expanding understanding of black hole scalarization in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theories.

Findings

Scalar hair appears only in rapidly rotating black holes.

Scalarized black holes coexist with stable Kerr-Newman black holes.

Scalar contribution to mass is small, indicating suppressed nonlinear effects.

Abstract

We construct spin-induced scalarized black hole solutions in a class of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models, where a scalar field is non-minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field. Our results show that scalar hair develops only for rapidly rotating black holes, while slowly spinning ones remain well described by the Kerr-Newman (KN) metric. The scalar field contributes only a small fraction of the total mass, indicating suppressed nonlinear effects. This suppression may account for the narrow existence domains of scalarized black holes and the similarities observed in their existence domains across different coupling functions. Moreover, scalarized black holes are found to coexist with linearly stable, entropically favored KN black holes. These results motivate further investigations into the nonlinear dynamics and stability of scalarized black holes in these models.